This profile of George Washington carved on the granite face of Mount
Rushmore in South Dakota represents an unusual perspective of the
national memorial which features four U.S. Presidents: Washington,
Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln. Sculptor
Gutzon Borglum created the sculpture's design and oversaw the project's
execution from 1927 to 1941 with the help of his son, Lincoln Borglum.
South Dakota historian Doane Robinson is credited with
conceiving the idea of carving the likenesses of noted figures into the
mountains of the Black Hills of South Dakota in order to promote tourism
in the region. The sculptor and tribal representatives settled on Mount
Rushmore, which also has the advantage of facing southeast for maximum
sun exposure. Robinson wanted it to feature American West heroes, such
as Lewis and Clark, their expedition guide Sacagawea, Oglala Lakota
chief Red Cloud, Buffalo Bill Cody, and Oglala Lakota chief Crazy Horse.
Borglum believed that the sculpture should have broader appeal and chose
the four presidents.
Peter Norbeck, U.S. senator from South
Dakota, sponsored the project and secured federal funding. Construction
began in 1927; the presidents' faces were completed between 1934 and
1939. After Gutzon Borglum died in March 1941, his son Lincoln took over
as leader of the construction project. Each president was originally to
be depicted from head to waist, but lack of funding forced construction
to end on October 31, 1941.
Photo by Todd Trapani